Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the numerous stochastic algorithms\nfor optimization that has been written for solving constrained and unconstrained\noptimization problems. This novel optimization algorithm is very efficient\nand as promising as it is; it can be favourably compared to other optimization\nalgorithms and in some cases, it has been proven to be better than\nsome known algorithms (like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)), especially\nwhen used in Well placement optimization problems that can be encountered\nin the Petroleum industry. In this paper, the ABC algorithm has been modified\nto improve its speed and convergence in finding the optimum solution to\na well placement optimization problem. The effects of variations of the control\nparameters for both algorithms were studied, as well as the algorithms�\nperformances in the cases studied. The modified ABC (MABC) algorithm\ngave better results than the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. It was noticed\nthat the performance of the ABC algorithm increased with increase in the\nnumber of its optimization agents for both algorithms studied. The modified\nABC algorithm overcame the challenge posed by the use of uniformly generated\nrandom numbers with very rough NPV surface. This new modified ABC\nalgorithm proposed in this work will be a great tool in optimization for the\nPetroleum industry as it involves Well placements for optimum oil production....
The global impact of shale oil has revolutionized the world�s energy markets,\nresulting in significantly lower oil prices, higher global gross domestic product,\nchanging geopolitics and shifted business models for oil and gas companies.\nFurther and developed research initiative is required to fill critical gaps\nin knowledge at the interface of shale oil development along with environmental\nprotection, so countries can prepare better for its energy future. This\npaper explores the characterization of Iraqi originated oil shale using various\nanalytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy\n(IR), and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrography (GC/MS). Based upon\nanalytical results, it is found that the majority of chemical structure is in aliphatic\nhydrocarbon forms....
Mutual adsorption of lead (Pb) and phosphorus (P) at pH 5 onto three soil\nclays materials (kaolinite, montmorillonite, and allophane) was studied to\nknow interaction of the anion and the cation at surface of the clays. Adsorption\nof Pb was determined on montmorillonite, kaolinite and allophane with\nthe following pretreatments; 1) untreated clay (control), 2) phosphate treated\nclay (P-clay) and 3) clay pre-treated with both P and Pb (P-Pb-clay). Adsorption\nof P was determined on montmorillonite, kaolinite and allophane with\nthe following pretreatments; 1) control 2) Pb treated clay (Pb-clay) and 3)\nP-Pb-clay. The adsorption of Pb on the untreated clays was in the order:\nmontmorillonite > allophane > kaolinite. On allophane and kaolinite Pb adsorption\nwas in the order P-clay > P-Pb-clay > control. For montmorillonite,\nthe trend was: P-Pb-clay = control > P-clay. Phosphorus adsorption was in the\norder Pb-clay = P-Pb-clay > control for montmorillonite and kaolinite,\nPb-clay > control > P-Pb-clay for allophane. The findings suggested that\npre-treatment with phosphate increases Pb adsorption on kaolinite and allophane,\nand decrease on montmorillonite, while pretreatment with Pb increases\nphosphate sorption on all clays, and both Pb and P increased adsorption\non montmorillonite and kaolinite and decrease on allophane....
Wastewaters containing phosphorus and nitric acid are produced during biological\ntreatment processes. In this study, a material for treating such waste waters\nwas developed. Foamed glass was produced from waste glass and then\nheated with iron sulfate to prepare an adsorbent for phosphorus and carrier\nfor reducing nitric acid. The adsorbent performance was evaluated in batch\nand continuous experiments. The saturated adsorption amount of phosphate\nwas 6.23 mg/g for the product obtained from glass of size 3 to 12 mm; the\namount adsorbed was relatively high, in spite of the large glass size. The denitrification\nby reduction of nitrate was around 25%....
Bulk metallic glass and their composites (BMGMCs) are a new class of materials\nwhich possess superior mechanical properties as compared to existing\nconventional materials. Owing to this, they are potential candidates for tomorrow�s\nstructural applications. However, they suffer from poor ductility\nand little or no toughness which render them brittle and they manifest catastrophic\nfailure under applied force. Their behavior is dubious, unpredictable\nand requires extensive experimentation to arrive at conclusive results. In\npresent study, an effort has been made to design bulk metallic glass matrix\ncomposites by the use of modeling and simulation. A probabilistic cellular\nautomaton (CA) model is developed and described in present study by author\nwhich is used in conjunction with earlier developed deterministic model to\npredict microstructural evolution in Zr based BMGMCs in additive manufacturing\nliquid melt pool. It is elaborately described with an aim to arrive at\nquantitative relations which describe process and steps of operations. Results\nindicate that effect of incorporating all mass transfer and diffusion coefficients\nunder transient conditions and precise determination of probability number\nplay a vital role in refining the model and bringing it closer to a level that it\ncould be compared to actual values. It is shown that proposed tailoring can\naccount for micro structural evolution in metallic glasses....
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